Croatia Revives Military Conscription Amid Regional Tensions

The Republic of Croatia has reintroduced compulsory military service as of October 27, 2023, in response to rising concerns regarding the Russia-Ukraine war and regional instability in the Balkans. The Croatian Parliament, known as the Sabor, voted overwhelmingly in favor of this measure, with an approval of 84 to 11. This legislative change amends the country’s Defense Act and Armed Forces Service Act, reinstating basic military training for young citizens.

Under the new law, individuals born in 2007 will be required to undergo medical examinations by the end of this year. The structure of the service includes two months of basic training aimed at equipping recruits with essential crisis-response skills, according to the Croatian Ministry of Defense. Those who object on religious or moral grounds will have the alternative of serving as civil servants for three to four months.

Ivan Anušić, Croatia’s Minister of Defense, stated that the first batch of conscripts is expected to begin training in January 2026, with a target of enlisting 4,000 recruits annually. Anušić emphasized that the training will incorporate modern warfare techniques, including cybersecurity, first aid, drone operations, and advanced survival skills.

Strategic Goals in a Changing Landscape

In addition to enhancing military readiness, Croatia aims to become a leader in European drone production. Anušić highlighted that domestic manufacturers currently produce thousands of first-person view (FPV) drones utilizing exclusively Croatian technology. This focus on advanced military capabilities aligns with broader regional security objectives.

Since suspending conscription in 2008, Croatia has reassessed its military needs due to the unstable geopolitical situation in the Balkans, particularly concerning its neighbor, Serbia. Earlier in 2025, Croatia signed a trilateral military agreement with Albania and Kosovo, which sparked significant backlash from Serbia. The Defense Ministers of the three countries noted that the agreement is designed to bolster security through joint training, promote interoperability, and combat hybrid threats, including cybersecurity attacks and misinformation.

The reintroduction of military conscription marks a significant shift in Croatia’s defense policy, reflecting the changing dynamics of regional security and the need for a prepared military force. As tensions persist in Eastern Europe, Croatia’s decision underscores a commitment to strengthening its defense capabilities in an increasingly uncertain environment.