KINGSTON – Jamaica is grappling with a serious outbreak of leptospirosis, a bacterial disease suspected of leading to six fatalities, following the destruction caused by Hurricane Melissa in late October. The powerful Category 5 hurricane struck the Caribbean island on October 28, 2023, unleashing catastrophic flooding and landslides that dumped approximately 30 inches (76 cm) of rain.
The resulting stagnant water has created ideal conditions for the transmission of the disease, according to health officials. During a press conference on Friday, Health Minister Christopher Tufton confirmed that nine cases of leptospirosis had been verified between October 30 and November 20, with an additional 28 suspected cases reported.
Leptospirosis is transmitted through water or soil contaminated by the urine of infected animals, particularly rodents. The bacteria can enter the human body through cuts, or through the eyes, nose, and mouth. Initial symptoms, which include fever, headache, and muscle aches, can easily be mistaken for flu, but the disease can escalate rapidly. Complications may include kidney failure, liver damage, meningitis, and severe internal bleeding.
“The outbreak follows the passage of the storm, which has created conditions that have increased the risk of exposure to contaminated water and soil,” Tufton stated. He cautioned that individuals who come into contact with floodwaters are at risk, highlighting the vulnerability of farmers, emergency responders, and others involved in cleanup efforts.
The devastation from Hurricane Melissa has been significant, with Jamaican officials estimating damages at around $10 billion. The hurricane has severely impacted vital sectors such as tourism and agriculture, and has damaged nearly 200,000 buildings across the island.
As the government works to mitigate the outbreak, public health advisories have been issued to inform residents about the risks associated with contaminated water. Authorities are emphasizing the importance of avoiding contact with floodwaters whenever possible, particularly in the aftermath of such a destructive event.
