A recent study co-led by investigators at the UCLA Health Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center indicates that a significant number of men diagnosed with prostate cancer may not require long-term androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). The research, published in the journal JAMA Oncology, reveals that most benefits of ADT are achieved within the first 9 to 12 months. Extending treatment beyond this period offers minimal additional protection and may elevate the risk of other health issues, such as heart and metabolic disorders.
Androgen deprivation therapy is a common form of hormone treatment aimed at slowing the growth of prostate cancer by reducing testosterone levels. While effective in managing the disease, prolonged ADT can lead to adverse effects, including bone and muscle loss, along with cardiovascular complications. Current treatment guidelines suggest 4 to 6 months of ADT for intermediate-risk patients and between 18 to 36 months for those at high risk. However, the optimal duration for therapy has been uncertain until this recent investigation.
The study was conducted by the Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials in Cancer of the Prostate (MARCAP) Consortium, which analyzed data from 10,266 men participating in 13 international clinical trials. Researchers evaluated various outcomes, including overall survival rates, cancer-specific survival, and mortality from other causes, while comparing the effects of different ADT durations.
Implications for Personalized Treatment Approaches
The findings underscore the need for personalized treatment strategies for men facing prostate cancer. Shorter durations of hormone therapy may suffice for many patients, allowing for a reduction in side effects without compromising treatment effectiveness. Physicians are now better equipped to tailor ADT duration based on individual factors, including cancer risk, overall health, age, and personal preferences.
Dr. Amar Kishan, a professor and executive vice chair of radiation oncology at the UCLA Health Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, emphasized the importance of individualized care: “Prostate cancer treatment should not be one-size-fits-all. These findings help doctors personalize therapy, balancing cancer control with potential side effects and other health risks.”
The study offers new insights into prostate cancer management, reflecting a broader trend towards personalized medicine. As the medical community continues to explore optimal treatment pathways, these findings may lead to enhanced safety and improved quality of life for patients undergoing ADT.
For further details, refer to the study titled “Optimal Duration of Androgen Deprivation Therapy With Definitive Radiotherapy for Localized Prostate Cancer” by Nicholas G. Zaorsky et al., published in JAMA Oncology in 2025.
