Pope Leo XIV has firmly condemned antisemitism, asserting the Catholic Church’s commitment to combat this form of hatred during a time of heightened tensions stemming from Israel’s ongoing military actions in Gaza. Speaking at his general audience on October 25, 2023, he acknowledged the misunderstandings that have arisen in relations with the Jewish community but reaffirmed a Gospel-mandated friendship with them.
The Pope’s statements coincided with the 60th anniversary of the *Nostra Aetate* declaration, a pivotal document that reshaped the Catholic Church’s relationship with Jews. During the audience, which included several Jewish leaders and representatives from other faiths, Pope Leo emphasized the church’s historical repudiation of antisemitism and the collective guilt attributed to Jews regarding the crucifixion of Jesus Christ. He quoted the document, stating that the church “decries hatred, persecutions, displays of antisemitism, directed against Jews at any time and by anyone.”
As the conflict in Gaza escalated following the October 7, 2023, Hamas attacks, antisemitic incidents surged globally. In the United States, the Anti-Defamation League reported a record high of antisemitic incidents, with over 58% linked to reactions regarding Israel. These findings underscore the growing urgency for interfaith dialogue and mutual understanding.
Pope Leo acknowledged the complexities in current relations, noting, “We cannot deny that there have been misunderstandings, difficulties and conflicts in this period, but these have never prevented the dialogue from continuing.” He urged that political circumstances should not hinder the established friendships between Christians and Jews, highlighting the progress made over the years.
The anniversary of *Nostra Aetate* comes at a critical juncture. Pope Leo’s predecessor, Pope Francis, faced criticism for comments perceived as equating the actions of Hamas with Israel’s military response, which some Jewish leaders found troubling. Despite this, Pope Francis engaged with families of hostages taken by Hamas and has repeatedly called for their safe return. The Vatican’s approach has often been scrutinized for its perceived moral equivalency in the conflict.
Rabbi Noam Marans, director of interreligious affairs at the American Jewish Committee, expressed optimism regarding Pope Leo’s acknowledgment of existing problems. He stated, “Never in the relationship of Catholics and Jews since *Nostra Aetate* has the Jewish people been more in need of friends who commit themselves to combating antisemitism with every fiber of their being.” He emphasized the need for the Catholic Church to leverage its influential platform to advocate against antisemitism.
Pope Leo’s call for continued dialogue and friendship between Catholics and Jews has been welcomed by many as a necessary step forward. The ongoing conflict and rising antisemitism highlight the importance of interfaith cooperation in addressing hate and fostering understanding.
As the world watches the situation in Gaza unfold, the Pope’s commitment to combating antisemitism may serve as a crucial element in strengthening relationships between communities and promoting peace. The Vatican’s role in fostering dialogue and understanding among religious groups remains vital in these challenging times.
