The potential development of a new anti-satellite weapon by Russia aimed at Starlink has raised alarm among military experts and intelligence officials. Reports from late December 2025 indicate that two NATO intelligence services suspect Russia is working on a weapon designed to target the satellite constellation operated by SpaceX, which provides global internet coverage through a network of satellites in low Earth orbit.
Since launching its first satellites in 2019, Starlink has expanded to over 9,000 satellites, with plans for a fleet exceeding 40,000. The interest in neutralizing these satellites may stem from their critical role in supporting Ukraine’s communication infrastructure since the Russian invasion in 2022. According to the Associated Press, the unnamed intelligence services have suggested that Russia might employ a “zone-effect” weapon, which would release a cloud of dense pellets rather than targeting individual satellites with precision.
While anti-satellite weapons are not new, their deployment presents significant risks. The debris generated from such attacks can create widespread hazards for other satellites. A zone-effect weapon operates similarly to a shotgun blast, but unlike shotgun pellets that fall to the ground due to gravity, space debris can remain in orbit indefinitely, posing a continuous threat to all objects in its path.
Defense expert Victoria Samson from the Secure World Foundation expressed skepticism regarding the likelihood of such a weapon being developed, stating, “I would be very surprised, frankly, if they were to do something like that.” Contrasting her view, Brigadier General Christopher Horner, who leads the Space Division of the Canadian military, acknowledged that while his intelligence units have not confirmed the existence of such a weapon, “it’s not implausible.”
Starlink satellites orbit at an altitude of approximately 550 km (341.75 miles) and travel at speeds of 27,000 km/h (nearly 17,000 mph). At these velocities, even a small object can cause catastrophic damage to the delicate structures and instruments of a satellite. The International Space Station also occupies low Earth orbit, where NASA defines the altitude as below 1,200 miles, signifying the importance of maintaining safety in this region for various space operations.
The proposed deployment of a zone-effect weapon would likely cause indiscriminate damage to both military and civilian satellites. Such risks are well understood among scientists and military strategists, including those in Russia. Even if the nation does not intend to develop or utilize such technology, the circulation of this information may serve as a strategic deterrent against Starlink’s support for Ukraine.
In addition to its operations in Ukraine, Starlink has also been providing internet service in Venezuela following U.S. military operations, although this service is set to conclude on February 3, 2026. Despite the relatively low-tech nature of zone-effect weapons, Russia possesses a robust space launch capability and advanced military technologies. Its S-500 Prometheus system, known for air defense, holds the potential to target satellites in low Earth orbit.
As discussions continue regarding the implications of these developments, the international community remains watchful of Russia’s intentions and technological advancements. The potential for conflict in space underscores the necessity for comprehensive dialogue and agreements to ensure the safety and sustainability of satellite operations worldwide.
