Concerns over foreign ownership of American farmland have escalated, prompting calls for action to safeguard national security. With nearly 46 million acres of U.S. agricultural land currently owned by foreign entities, the implications for food security and military safety are significant. Recent statements from government officials have highlighted the urgent need for a comprehensive response to mitigate potential threats.
On July 7, 2025, Secretary of Agriculture Brooke Rollins and Secretary of War Pete Hegseth signed a Memorandum of Understanding to enhance the National Farm Security Action Plan (NFSAP). This initiative aims to address vulnerabilities in the agricultural sector, especially amidst growing competition from foreign powers. The plan underscores the Biden Administration’s commitment to protecting American farmers and ensuring the security of U.S. resources.
The risks posed by foreign ownership are not mere hypotheticals. As Secretary Hegseth pointed out, “shortly after 9/11, U.S. forces in Afghanistan uncovered Al-Qaida training manuals that specifically targeted America’s agriculture for attack.” This historical context emphasizes the ongoing threats to U.S. farmland and the need for robust protective measures.
Alabama has been proactive in tackling this issue, implementing laws that restrict land purchases by foreign entities linked to nations like China, Russia, Iran, and North Korea. These laws enhance state oversight of foreign acquisitions, although they do not automatically force the sale of existing holdings. The state’s leaders recognize the potential dangers of foreign investments, particularly in an era where agricultural security is intertwined with national defense.
Despite these efforts, the broader national response has been slow. A report by the Wall Street Journal in 2023 documented over 100 instances of Chinese attempts to breach military facilities since 2000. Some of these efforts involved establishing operations near military bases under the guise of agricultural activities, raising alarms about espionage and surveillance.
Farm security is crucial, as 85% of the food and beverage consumed in the U.S. is produced domestically. Yet, the effectiveness of existing legislation, such as the Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act (AFIDA) enacted in 1978, has been questioned. Although AFIDA mandates that foreign owners report their land interests, it lacks rigorous enforcement mechanisms. The act does not require thorough background checks or comprehensive investigations into potential threats, resulting in significant gaps in oversight.
Under the NFSAP, the federal government seeks to strengthen AFIDA enforcement, categorizing certain foreign ownerships as national security risks. The plan also aims to increase transparency in reporting and impose penalties for inaccurate disclosures. Legislative efforts are underway to restrict land purchases by foreign adversaries and terminate agreements that pose security risks. Collaboration with the Department of the Treasury will enhance scrutiny of agricultural transactions and investments, reinforcing the security of U.S. farmland.
The economic impact of agriculture is profound, with 600,000 Alabamians connected to the industry, generating over $70 billion in economic activity. This revenue supports essential public services such as healthcare and education. The potential fallout from a disruption in agricultural operations could extend far beyond individual states, affecting the entire nation.
In light of these developments, Secretary Rollins stated, “Farm security is national security. When our farmland is threatened, the welfare of our entire Nation is put on the line.” The ongoing dialogue surrounding farmland ownership and its implications for national security highlights the need for immediate and effective action from lawmakers.
As the 2026 Senate elections approach, candidates like Alabama Attorney General Steve Marshall emphasize their commitment to this critical issue. Marshall has expressed strong support from the Alabama Farmers Federation, reinforcing the urgency of addressing foreign ownership and its potential threats to American agriculture and national security.
The ramifications of unchecked foreign investment in U.S. farmland are significant. As officials work to bolster protections for this vital resource, the focus remains on ensuring the safety and integrity of American agriculture for future generations.
