A recent study has highlighted the crucial role of fungi in seedling survival within subtropical forests, emphasizing their significance in maintaining biodiversity. The research, led by Prof. Liang Yu from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, was published in the journal Ecology Letters on January 5, 2026. The findings reveal that plant-associated microorganisms, particularly foliar endophytic fungi (FEF), are pivotal in mediating species coexistence.
The researchers conducted a comprehensive analysis by integrating transcriptomic data from seedlings of 103 woody species along with long-term monitoring data from the Gutianshan forest plot. This extensive study connected microbial functional genomics with modern coexistence theory, illustrating how FEF molecular functions influence host fitness and niche, thereby affecting seedling survival.
The analysis uncovered that the diversity of FEF transcripts is shaped by both the phylogenetic divergence of the host species and their maximum tree height. FEF functions play a significant role in promoting seedling survival through processes related to fitness and niche differentiation. Specifically, a total of 118 Gene Ontology (GO) terms were found to have significant associations with seedling survival.
Further examination revealed a dual regulatory mode underpinning these effects. GO terms that depend heavily on host phylogeny enhance seedling survival through fitness differences that arise from multi-organism interactions. Conversely, GO terms with a strong dependence on host traits support seedling survival by facilitating niche differentiation in relation to fundamental life processes.
These insights carry major implications for biodiversity conservation and forest management. Traditionally, ecological theories have concentrated on plant-to-plant interactions. This study, however, underscores the vital contribution of microbial symbionts, such as FEF, in sustaining species coexistence and overall ecosystem functioning. Ignoring the roles of microbes in conservation and ecological restoration efforts may jeopardize long-term biodiversity outcomes.
The research, authored by Baocai Han and colleagues, signifies a shift in understanding the intricate relationships within forest ecosystems. By recognizing fungi as unsung heroes in seedling survival, this study paves the way for more effective conservation strategies that integrate both plant and microbial components.
For more detailed information, refer to the study: Baocai Han et al, Molecular Functional Diversity of Foliar Endophytic Fungi and Their Contributions to Seedling Survival in a Subtropical Forest, Ecology Letters (2025). DOI: 10.1111/ele.70290.
